DOI: 10.16597/j.cnki.issn.1002-154x.2025.01.002
电动自行车火灾燃烧特性及烟气毒性研究
廖强∗张文喜 魏成龙 徐晶晶
(江苏省产品质量监督检验研究院, 南京 210007)
摘 要 为研究电动自行车燃烧特性及烟气毒性，作者选取常用的蓄电池电动自行车，通过自主改造的单体燃烧室进行实体火灾实验，模拟房间内电动自行车发生火灾现象。研究了电动自行车燃烧过程中的温度变化规律，并利用FT-IR烟毒性分析仪，对电动自行车着火时的烟毒性进行分析，同时研究了燃烧过程中的热释放。结果表明，电动自行车火灾发展迅速，蓄电池温度达726℃，电动自行车火灾燃烧增长率指数(FIGRA)可达234W·s-1，烟气生成速率指数(SMOGRA)可达31m2·s-2。电动车火灾时温度场分布以及烟气毒性扩散规律的研究，对于防治电动车火灾和指导火灾时的逃生选择都具有参考意义。
关键词 电动自行车 燃烧特性 烟毒性 热释放
Study on Fire Characteristics and Smoke Toxicity of Electric Bicycle
LIAO Qiang∗ZHANG Wenxi WEI Chenglong XU Jingjing
(Jiangsu Product Quality Testing & Inspection Institute, Nanjing 210007, China)
Abstract In order to study the combustion characteristics and smoke toxicity of electric bicycles, a common battery-powered electric bicycle was selected and a solid fire experiment was carried out through the self-reformed single combustion chamber to simulate the fire phenomenon of electric bicycles in a room. The temperature variation of electric bicycle during combustion was studied, and the smoke toxicity was analyzed by FT-IR smoke toxicity analyzer, and the heat release during combustion was also studied. The results show that the electric bicycle fire develops rapidly, the battery temperature reaches 726℃, the electric bicycle fire combustion growth rate index (FIGRA) can reach 234W·s-1, and the smoke generation rate index (SMOGRA) can reach 31m2·s-2. The study of temperature field distribution and smoke toxicity diffusion law during electric vehicle fires is of great significance for the prevention and control of electric vehicle fires and evacuation choices during fires.
Keywords electric bicycle combustion characteristics smoke toxicity heat release