DOI: 10.16597/j.cnki.issn.1002-154x.2024.04.006
小分子表面活性剂在原油脱水中的应用
作者： 孙彪，尚兴华
中国石油化工股份有限公司西北油田分公司采油二厂，巴音郭楞蒙古自治州 841600；
胜利油田胜利化工有限责任公司，东营 257000
摘要： 西北油田二号联合站属超重质稠油片区，为了提高作业采收率，大量使用三次采油技术。同时掺稀组分、水油比的变化以及其他化学物理环境变化等的综合因素，给重质原油破乳带来巨大的困难。原油中的重质成分、固体颗粒杂质含量的增加、钻采油化学药剂的大量加注等导致采出液稳定性大幅提升，对破乳剂性能提出了更高的要求。作者引入小分子双亲表面活性剂，通过小分子的先行渗透，一定程度上改善了乳状液界面状态，提升了破乳剂的脱水性能，提高了现场运行效率，降低了药剂总体消耗量。
关键词： 重质成分，固体颗粒杂质，乳状液稳定性，小分子双亲表面活性药剂，破乳剂渗透率
Application of Small Molecule Surfactants in Crude Oil Dehydration
Authors: SUN Biao1∗, SHANG Xinghua2
The No. 2 Joint Station of Sinopec Northwest Oilfield Company, Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, 841600, China;
Shengli Oilfield Shengli Chemical Co., Ltd., Dongying, 257000, China
Abstract: The No. 2 Joint Station of Northwest Oilfield is a super heavy thick oil area. In order to improve operational recovery, tertiary oil recovery technology is widely used. Along with the influencing factors of changes in chemical, physical environment, and other comprehensive factors, it significantly increases the difficulty of dewatering crude oil emulsions. Research shows that the heavy components of crude oil, the increase in the content of solid particles and impurities, drilling chemicals, and oil recovery chemicals in large quantities of injection, etc., leading to the stability of crude oil emulsion is greatly enhanced, which puts forward higher requirements for the performance of demulsifiers. After a lot of experimentation, technicians introduce small molecule amphiphilic surface-active agents, which can certainly improve the interfacial state of the emulsion, and improve the dewatering performance of the demulsifier through the penetration preference of small molecules. The site operation efficiency is improved, and the overall consumption of chemicals is reduced.
Keywords: heavy components, solid particle impurities, emulsion stability, small molecule amphiphilic surface-active agents, demulsifier permeability