DOI: 10.16597/j.cnki.issn.1002-154x.2025.01.007
非天然氨基酸在医药和生物工程领域的研究现状
郑梦泽1,2周倩1,2吴思旖1,2张传志3李婷婷1,2∗
(1. 江苏海洋大学 江苏省海洋药物活性分子筛选重点实验室, 连云港 222005;
2. 江苏省海洋生物产业技术协同创新中心, 连云港 222005;
3. 正大天晴药业集团股份有限公司, 连云港 222062)
摘 要 非天然氨基酸指不存在于生物体内多肽链上的氨基酸，它们含有多样的侧链基团，在医药、生物工程、农业、化妆品等多个领域发挥着重要的作用。基于学界目前取得的研究进展，主要介绍了非天然氨基酸在医药和生物工程领域的应用情况。在医药领域，非天然氨基酸可以通过单体形式直接作为药物发挥生物活性，也可以插入药物大分子中用于提高药效或降低副作用，为疾病诊断和新型药物开发提供了新的思路；在生物工程领域，非天然氨基酸被广泛地用于分析和改造蛋白质的结构与功能，增加蛋白质的活性和应用场景；其在新型生物材料的研究和开发中也发挥着重要的作用。另外，基于生物酶催化合成方法在非天然氨基酸的合成上具备巨大的潜力优势，作者亦对非天然氨基酸的生物酶催化状况进行了阐述。
关键词 非天然氨基酸 药物中间体 蛋白质改造 生物酶催化
Current Status of Unnatural Amino Acids in the Fields of Medicine and BioengineeringZHENG Mengze1,2ZHOU Qian1,2WU Siyi1,2ZHANG Chuanzhi3LI Tingting1,2∗
(1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Active Molecular Screening for Marine Drugs, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China;
2. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Marine Biological Industry Technology, Lianyungang 222005, China;
3. Chiatai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222062, China)
Abstract Unnatural amino acids are amino acids that do not exist in the polypeptide chain in living organisms, they contain diverse side chain groups and play important roles in many fields such as pharmaceuticals, bioengineering, agriculture and cosmetics. Based on the research progress made so far in the academic community, this review focuses on the application of unnatural amino acids in the fields of medicine and bioengineering. In the field of pharmaceuticals, it can be directly used as a drug to exert biological activity through the form of monomer, or it can be inserted into drug macromolecules for improving the efficacy or reducing the side effects, which provides a new idea for the diagnosis of diseases and the development of new types of drugs. In the field of bioengineering, non-natural amino acids have been widely used in analysing and modifying the structure and function of proteins to increase the activity of proteins and the application scenarios; they also play an important role in the research and development of new types of biomaterials. In addition, based on the huge potential advantages of bio-enzyme catalysis in the synthesis of non-natural amino acids, this paper describes the status of bio-enzyme catalysis of non-natural amino acids.
Keywords unnatural amino acids pharmaceutical intermediates protein modification biological enzyme catalysis